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This article was first published in 2008.
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We’ve never seen anything like it. A 25 per cent
increase in power across the whole rev range, reduced fuel costs, better exhaust
gas emissions – and the government will pay half the cost of the work! Read that
again – the Australian government will pay half the cost of the performance
modification!
So what the hell are we talking about?
Adding LPG fuelling to a diesel, that’s what. And any type of diesel!
It’s one of the most amazing modifications we’ve
covered in nearly a decade of AutoSpeed.
LPG Diesels
The first thing to understand is that the LPG is
used as an ancillary fuel. An additive, if you like. The original diesel
fuelling system – whether that’s a mechanical distributor pump, common rail
direct injection or electronic unit injection – stays completely intact and
unmodified. The car runs on diesel as it did before.
However, the magic comes in the addition of LPG to
the diesel fuelling mix. The LPG is added in vapour form prior to the turbo (in
turbo engines) or prior to the inlet manifold (in naturally aspirated engines).
The LPG, comprising about 25 per cent of the diesel flow, burns along with the
diesel in the cylinders. The combination of the diesel/LPG fuel gives the
greater power output and lower emissions. The reduced running costs come from an
improvement that is realised in diesel fuel economy – and the fact that LPG is a
cheaper fuel than diesel.
And if you think all this means some kind of bodgy
system complete with a space-robbing gas tank – think again! We’re talking an
electronically controlled and custom mappable professional LPG injection system,
complete with a tank so small that in some applications it can be placed under
the vehicle!
Let’s take a closer look.
System
The company behind the product is Diesel Gas
Australia. The head office is in Adelaide – that’s where we caught up with them
– but they have authorised fitters around Australia. The general manager of
Diesel Gas Australia is Kingsley Songer. Mr Songer went to great lengths to
describe the training and accreditation process that prospective installers need
to undertake, so the service from these fitters should be to head office
standards.
So what makes up the gas system?
The main hardware is from huge automotive LPG
systems manufacturer Lovato. This company provides the injector (a single unit
is used), converter and filter. The tanks are made by Manchester. Diesel Gas
Australia has developed the ECU and the laptop software associated with it.
The tank is mounted either in or under the
vehicle. Because of its small size, total mass is kept low.
A gas line runs forward to the converter that is
placed under the bonnet. The converter is heated by the engine’s coolant
system.
Following that is the filter (on which two
pressure sensors are fitted – more on this in a moment) and gas then flows to
the single injector. The injector feeds a hose that conveys the vapour a short
distance to the intake.
The ECU has inputs from a manifold pressure sensor
(on turbo engines) or throttle position sensor (naturally aspirated engines),
engine coolant temp sensor, tacho and LPG fuel pressure sensor. The last sensor
is used primarily as a safeguard, cutting off LPG flow if an open fuel supply
hose is detected.
The LPG injector is pulsed at a constant 53Hz but
is varied in duty cycle. A fairly simple map is used on most vehicles, adding a
constant 20 - 25 per cent LPG across the engine load and rev range. (The optimal
amount of LPG depends on the individual engine and the power/economy
requirements.)
The ECU software allows correction for engine temp
and a few other variables. It’s by no means a high order programmable ECU but
appears to have sufficient control functions to be able to do the job.
Safety of the installed system looks good, with
normal automotive LPG legal standards being met.
The underbonnet components are very compact –
there would be few vehicles where the converter and the filter could not be
installed. The ECU goes in the cabin and a combined LED bargraph fuel gauge /
switch is on the dash.
One of the oddities of the system is that it
doesn’t matter if you run out of LPG – the car doesn’t need the LPG to run and
so it just reverts to normal diesel operation. It’s possible for the driver to
switch the system on or off as wished - normally, the system is left always
activated.
Warranty?
The
LPG parts and labour have a warranty of 3 years and 100,000km (the ECU for 12
months and unlimited km). However, if the vehicle is under a new car warranty,
Diesel Gas Australia suggests you take out an insurance-based new car warranty
available from them.
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Results
Diesel Gas Australia has lots of dyno graphs of
LPG diesel systems versus the standard diesel. Unfortunately, most of the graphs
are for a previous mechanical gas injection system, rather than the current
electronic system. However, all the graphs show a ~25 per cent increase in
power. But the key thing to notice is that in most cases, the power is up
across the full rev range! That makes the performance gain significant - the
power increase is not just at the top end of the rev range but at the engine
speeds most often used.
One dyno graph able to be provided by the company
was the before/after results on a 4.2 litre Toyota 100 series Landcruiser. Peak
power went from 108 to 136kW, a gain of 26 per cent. Peak torque rose from 351
to 418Nm – an improvement of 19 per cent. The power improvement was strong from
2000 – 3800 rpm, in this case falling away to zero at the top end.
On a full Australian cycle emissions test, a
Ssangyong Rexton decreased by exactly 50 per cent in Oxides of Nitrogen and by
18 per cent in CO2. But carbon monoxide was up by 70 per cent and particulate
matter was also up a little. Mr Songer suggests that further testing will be
undertaken where they expect more precise tunes to give even better results. (It
should be noted that getting Oxides of Nitrogen down is the biggest ask with
diesels, especially those running on biodiesel.)
We were unable to assess diesel fuel economy but
it seems reasonable that with greater power being produced and an unchanged
diesel fuelling system, less ‘throttle’ will be needed in any given situation,
resulting in reduced diesel consumption.
On the Road
We were able to drive a 2006 Musso 290S 4WD ute on
the road. As one of the slowest diesels we have ever driven – not helped by the
40 degree C ambient temp – the Musso was the slug to end all slugs. It was just
OK at higher revs (eg 3500 - 4000) but down the bottom it was terrible.
Pressing the dash-mounted switch activated the LPG
injection. So did the Musso rear up on its back wheels and charge off into the
distance? No it didn’t. But it certainly had noticeably better bottom end and as
a result, the turbo felt as if it came on boost earlier. The top end was also a
little stronger. If quizzed we’d have guessed something like 20-25 per cent more
bottom end urge and perhaps 10-15 per cent more at the top end.
Cost
The cost of having the system fitted is AUD$4000.
That price does not include a dyno tune to map the system to the specific car –
something we’d suggest would be obligatory in any performance car application.
The sting in the tail is that the Australian government will refund $2000 of the
system cost!
Real Cars
We reckon that this system has immense potential
for sporting diesel cars. Put ancillary LPG on any modern turbo common rail
diesel (the power gains are said to be the same irrespective of the diesel
injection system) and you’re starting to talk outstanding performance.
Add to that the dollar savings in replacing with
LPG a proportion of the consumed diesel, the lower emissions, and the
well-proven gas technology - and it looks a killer application.
Diesel never looked better!
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