Last week in Part 2 we looked
at gaining planning approval, having earthworks done and laying the concrete
slab. The materials for the 14 x 6 x 3 metre workshop had been delivered – and
it was time for erection.
I’d originally planned (and budgeted) for the shed
supply company to erect the workshop, but when time came to book in the work, I
was told there’d be a delay of at least 2 months. Not wanting to wait that long,
I decided to build it myself.
Instructions
The shed supply company supplied a booklet of
instructions – interestedly, it was much the same as the one downloadable from
http://aussiesheds.net.au/Building%20instructions.pdf.
These instructions look quite comprehensive but in fact – at least for a shed
building novice – they have numerous inadequacies.
As just one example, no dimensions are included in
the instructions – they’re said to suit any shed from 3 to 30 metre span! Making
things a little easier in that regard were the engineering plans for my specific
shed (and these include dimensions) but there are still plenty of points that
fall into the gap between the instructions and the engineering plans.
In addition to the instruction booklet, a man from
the shed company also talked me through some of the build process. This occurred
when the delivery of the roller doors and fasteners were made. Because the bloke
could physically walk around the site, using the actual build materials in his
examples, I found the oral instructions much more useful than the written
instructions. However, while he left me his card and said I could call him if I
had any problems, I subsequently found his ability to give instructions over the
phone was at times poor.
The shed building vocabulary also takes some
getting used to – if you can’t quickly learn what girts, purlins, rafters,
mullions, haunch plates, knee braces and cleats are, you’ll be sunk.
Erection Techniques(!)
There are two basic ways of erecting a shed.
The first is to assemble the wall frames flat on
the ground, attaching the sheet cladding while the wall is still flat. The wall
is then lifted into position and the columns bolted to the concrete pad. The
rafter assemblies are placed in position between the columns, the longitudinal
purlins added and the roof cladding screwed into place. However, this approach
is not advisable when the shed is longer than 12 metres, or in windy conditions.
The other approach is to assemble the portals (a
portal comprises an assembly of two columns and two rafters – a bit like an
inverted U frame) on the ground and then lift these into place. The longitudinal
side wall girts are then placed into position, followed by the roof-top purlins.
The shed is then clad.
However, because I was singlehandedly erecting the
shed, the shed company suggested that I do things yet another way. I was to
erect the bare columns first and then attach the longitudinal side wall girts.
With the wall framework complete, I could then lift into place the A-shaped
rafter assemblies and proceed from there.
Sounded simple...
Wall Frames
The 3-metre long C-section columns can be
reasonably easily lifted by a single person – in fact they’re light enough that
they can be stood in position and have their bracket hole positions marked on
the concrete floor.
But where do the columns go? You’d think that they
go along the edge of the slab - but that ain’t so. Instead, they’re located 65mm
in from the edge, so that when the ‘top-hat’ girts (longitudinal side wall
supports) are placed in position, the cladding wraps over the edge of the
concrete slab.
I installed each of the five columns of one wall,
dyna-bolting their mounting brackets to the concrete pad. Without any side loads
placed on them, they stood by themselves.
I installed the lower longitudinal girt, initially
g-clamping it into place. The columns then needed to be squared-up, something
most easily achieved by using a tape measure to ensure that the diagonals of
each bay were the same length. When the bays weren’t square, it was easy to use
ratchet tie-down straps to distort the assemblies until they were correct. A
long bubble level was also used to further ensure verticality.
The girts and eave
purlins were screwed to the columns with tek screws. Again, these members were
easily able to be lifted and positioned by a single person, helped with g-clamps
and vice-grips to hold the pieces in position as they were screwed.
Once one wall frame was done, the other was
completed and then the back wall frame erected. It took about 1.5 days to erect
the three wall frames.
Bolts?
When I inspected the shed design at the display, I
was not impressed with how tek screws were used to hold the framework together.
And that was the whole framework – columns, rafters – the lot!
I requested that these members be bolted together
- and there was no problem in changing the shed spec. Trouble is, when the
metalwork was delivered, no holes were predrilled – the shed was a ‘tek screw’
design. This meant that I had to mark out and drill holes for:
-
Bottom column mounting brackets (“cleats”) – where
the columns are bolted to the slab
-
Upper column rafter brackets (“haunch plates”)
-
Centre rafter joining plates (“apex haunch
plates”)
-
Diagonal column-rafter braces (“knee
braces”)
That lot added up to something like 150 12mm
holes! Furthermore, the problems I had with the errection of the frame could all
be sheeted-home to the positions of these holes.
|
Rafters
The rafter assemblies were drilled and bolted
together on the ground. Care was taken that all the assemblies were the same –
the apex attachment plates are shaped so that the rafters nestle into position,
but there is sufficient slop that the actual roof pitch angle can end up varying
a lot. So I made one rafter assembly, taking care that the width of the assembly
matched the width between the columns, and then made the others to match it.
The next step was a major one – how to lift the
rafter assemblies into place? They were way too heavy for one person to do this
– especially as at the same time the person had to drill holes and insert and
tighten bolts!
I got out my trusty hydraulic engine crane,
removed the short extension jib and instead slid in a 3 metre length of 50 x 50
x 3mm square tube. I added heavy weights to the base of the crane and then
positioned the new, extended jib horizontally – the angle at which bending and
overturning forces are greatest. Set up in this way I found the crane could
support my full weight applied at the end of the jib – so there shouldn’t be any
problems lifting the rafter assemblies.
And there weren’t! The rafter assemblies were
easily lifted into position, temporarily G-clamped to the haunch plates and then
– after the columns were checked for verticality – drilled and bolted into
place.
It wasn’t long before I had three of the five
rafter assemblies mounted – time to install the first half of the longitudinal
purlins. But I ran into a major difficulty, one that took me hours to solve.
The bare rafter assembly A-frames are quite
floppy, so when erected and bolted into place, they don’t necessarily lie on a
vertical plane. But obviously they need to be vertical before the purlins are
screwed into place, so I used clamps and vice-grips to connect the first purlin
to the three A-frames while I straightened them.
But how to tell when the A-frames are straight? It
would seem easy – drop a plumb-bob down to the ground and the apex should lie on
the same plane as a line joining the base of the columns. But my step ladder was
pushed for height (and the floppy A-frame meant I couldn’t extend the ladder and
rest it against them!) so getting the plumb-bob up high enough was difficult –
not to mention even a breath of wind moved the line away from vertical.
OK then, what about temporarily holding a mullion
(the long end-wall column) up against the A-frame and using the bubble level?
Fine, except because of its extra length, the mullion is getting pretty heavy to
hold in this way – especially when it needs to be done many times after small
adjustments to the A-frames are made.
Then I found that, even with the purlin clamped to
three A-frames, the whole lot would flop back and forth! Aaaggh!
I took a step back (literally – I walked away and
looked afresh at the problem) and then adopted the following strategy that
worked perfectly.
Firstly, I placed string lines between the
columns, as high up as possible and directly under the A-frames (one string line
is highlighted here in red). Using the high string line, it was easy to line up
by eye the A-frame against the string, so detecting misalignments of only a few
millimetres. I then got the first A-frame straight and using two ratchet
tie-down straps, guyed it into place. With that assembly held firmly in the
correct position, the rest could be lined up and then clamped.
Easy after it’s said and done!
The knee-braces were clamped into position,
drilled and then bolted to the columns and the rafters. Note that this step
stiffens the structure a great deal – although it doesn’t straighten the
A-frames to the extent that the string lines can be dispensed with...
Purlins and Roller Door Frame
The remaining purlins were then placed into
position and tek-screwed into place. Despite the height of the shed (3 metre
wall), I found I could position these roof members using just a normal 1.8 metre
tall ladder of the sort that can be used as step ladder or unfolded to become a
long ladder. The purlins were light enough to be lifted into position by hand
before being clamped into place and then tek-screwed.
The final part of the frame construction was to
place the front wall vertical column (central mullion) into place and then
install the two lintels above where the roller doors will be positioned.
Once again, the provided instructions for both of
these procedures were poor; because of this, it probably cost me two hours of
wasted time.
Conclusion
Putting up the complete shed framework took about
3 days. Nothing was particularly difficult or physically all that demanding, the
crane making the positioning of the rafters dead easy. So things were going
along smoothly – now all I had to do was the cladding, gutters and roller doors!
Easy huh? Well, no, not really...
Next week – installing the cladding
Single-Handed Shed Building Tech Tips
|
Go here for the next in this series.
|
Interested in home workshop projects and techniques? You’re sure then to be interested in the Home Workshop Sourcebook, available now.
|
Email a friend
Print article
|